Reverse Logistics as a new approach and attitude in the area of Logistics is one of the new trends in Logistics management, recycling, and or reuse of products. Logistics network design in the forward and Reverse mode is one of the most important issues that forms the strategic dimension of supply chain design. In this paper we propose a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for Reverse Logistics problem. In the proposed model costs of facilities construction, transportation and procurement from suppliers are minimized and importance of suppliers are maximized. Since the proposed model is NP-hard, we use NSGA-II and NRGA algorithms to solve the problem.

In this paper, integrated direct and Reverse Logistics considering production, distribution, customer, devastation, retrieval centers under uncertainty are developed. In this model, cost parameters are not certain, thus the scenario-based robust optimization method is applied. The aim of this model is to minimize the total cost and obtain a robust solution. Finally, a practical case study is presented to verify the proposed model. Moreover an efficient solution algorithm is presented. The computational results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

In this paper, we present a new mathematical model for designing a Reverse Logistic network. The model is multiproduct, multilevel, and multiperiod. It minimizes transportation and facilities establishing cost, and lowers purchasing from suppliers. The price of products depends on the cost of purchases and suppliers present di erent discounts on their products. Because the presented problem belongs to Np-hard problems, we use genetic algorithm to solve it.

Population growth, changes in lifestyles, increase in diseases, and natural and unnatural accidents have caused ever increasing importance of the health care chains. On the one hand, the importance of blood as a rare and vital element, and on the other hand, the specific conditions of transportation and maintenance, have been challenging researchers in recent years. The importance of this area will escalate especially in crisis occurrence and severe shortage of blood. In this paper, a mathematical model of a closed-loop blood supply chain under uncertainty is proposed, in which Reverse Logistics and emergency situations are also considered. Due to the complexity in solving the proposed model, after putting forward accurate method to validate the model, a hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GA) and simulated annealing (SA) is utilized. Then, the validation of this hybrid algorithm is evaluated in comparison with the results of GAMS IDE/Cplex software in solving small, medium and large-sized problems. Finally, the results of the sensitivity analysis are presented.

Over the past few years, understanding sustainability issues such as cost savings and pollution reduction in the industry has led to the design of closed-loop Logistics networks with hybrid facilities Also, the occurrence of sudden disturbances and the damages caused by them has developed the use of reliability approaches The present study has applied the strategy of reliable support facilities in the multi-product forward-Reverse Logistics network and has used stochastic programming to model the disorder To face the decision-maker ambiguity in the confidence levels, the constraints, and objectives of the problem, and in continuation, to ensure the optimality of the above classes, flexible-robust combination programming has been employed, presented in the form of a mixed-integer linear mathematical programming model Then Benders decomposition algorithm is proposed to solve the model, which with a subset of optimization cuts and appropriate convergence rate, improved optimal solutions are produced for optimal planning path.

Reverse redistribution pattern is defined as decreased activity in the myocardium in the rest phase of the myocardial perfusion scan in comparison with the stress images. There are many studies concerning the etiology and clinical significant of this phenomenon in nuclear medicine literature. The dominant idea about etiology of Reverse redistribution is early wash out of the radiotracer from the myocardium. There is rather unanimous agreement among researchers about viability of the areas of Reverse redistribution and the majority of the studies point to existence of viable tissue in these regions. However from prognostic point of view, this issue is much more controversial. In this review, we tried to summarize the current literature and reach a guideline for practical significance of Reverse redistribution in every day work of nuclear medicine specialists.

One of the fundamental points in every research is considering history, fields& evolution of the subject which is known as literature review. Thus in order to study Logistics it is essential to review conceptual& historical evolution surveys, Logistic theories& concepts. Furthermore, a suitable perspective& approach should be acquired.Studying books, articles & researches demonstrates different paradigms have been developed in Logistic field. There for, this paper attempts to review serous Logistic paradigms. At the end, integneted Logistic paradigm is presented for future researches.

Managing products’ end-of-life and recovery of used products is gaining significant importance during last years. Therefore, managing the Reverse flow of products can be an important potential for winning consumers in future competitive markets. In this context, establishing Reverse Logistics networks is becoming a main problem in Reverse supply chains. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve the proposed NP-hard problem and find the best possible design for different facilities. In order to test the applicability of proposed GA, we suppose a tire Reverse Logistic case and solve the problem. The results show that the least cost will be achieved by using the free space of distribution centers and integrating collection and inspection centers within them. In addition, we suggest using hybrid algorithm in future allocation problems to obtain best solutions.